In construction, safety starts long before any bricks are laid. Understanding the difference between temporary works and permanent works is critical for planning, coordination and risk control on both Irish and UK sites.
While the distinction may seem straightforward, it’s not always clear-cut, especially when temporary works are later retained as part of the final structure. With regulations like the Construction Regulations 2013 (Ireland) and the CDM Regulations 2015 (UK) in place, getting this right is a legal and safety imperative.
At Ayrton Group, we support contractors, designers and clients across Ireland and the UK to manage both types of works safely, competently and in full regulatory compliance.
Key Takeaways
- Permanent works are the finished structure, designed to last the lifespan of the building or asset.
- Temporary works are supporting structures, removed once they’ve fulfilled their role.
- Each type requires distinct design principles, safety checks and responsibilities.
- Temporary works are governed by BS 5975 in the UK and are also widely referenced in Ireland.
- In both jurisdictions, legal obligations apply under the Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005 (Ireland) and the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 (UK).
- CDM Regulations (UK) and the Construction Regulations (Ireland) require competent planning and risk control for all construction activities, including temporary works.
What Are Permanent Works?
Permanent works are the parts of a project that remain in use after construction has ended. These are designed for long-term use and must meet building regulations and structural performance standards.
Examples include:
- Foundations and substructures
- Load-bearing walls and slabs
- Drainage systems and utility infrastructure
- Roofs, facades and lift shafts
In Ireland, permanent works must comply with the Building Regulations 1997–2019, while in the UK, they fall under the Building Regulations 2010 (as amended). Engineers and architects design these works to ensure structural integrity, fire safety, energy efficiency and accessibility.
What Are Temporary Works?
Temporary works are structures or systems that facilitate construction but are not part of the final building. They’re essential for enabling access, stability, form, or protection during various phases of the build.
Examples include:
- Scaffolding and access towers
- Formwork and falsework for concrete
- Shoring and propping systems
- Temporary platforms, hoardings or bridges
- Edge protection or excavation support
In both jurisdictions, temporary works must be planned, designed and checked—especially where failure could result in injury or delay. UK guidance under BS 5975 requires the appointment of a Temporary Works Coordinator (TWC), and this best practice is increasingly followed in Ireland as well.
Legal Duties in Ireland and the UK
Temporary and permanent works fall under different—but equally important—regulatory frameworks:
Ireland:
- Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005
- Construction Regulations 2013 (SI No. 291 of 2013)
- Building Control Regulations and the Building Regulations 1997–2019
UK:
- Health and Safety at Work etc. Act 1974
- Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015
- Building Regulations 2010
Across both countries, duty holders—clients, designers, principal contractors and contractors—are responsible for ensuring that works (temporary or permanent) are planned, coordinated and safe. Risk assessments are required under both jurisdictions’ legislation.
Real-World Examples of Temporary vs Permanent Works
High-Rise Buildings
Temporary: Formwork used to shape concrete slabs and walls
Permanent: The resulting concrete elements that form the structure
Bridge Construction
Temporary: Falsework, shoring and access roads
Permanent: The bridge deck, abutments and piers
Tunnel Projects
Temporary: Excavation supports and access shafts
Permanent: Final tunnel lining, waterproofing, and load-bearing structures.
Can Temporary Works Become Permanent?
Yes, in some cases. For example:
- Foundation piles may be installed to support the ground temporarily but later reused as part of the permanent foundation.
- Diaphragm walls may serve as earth-retaining structures during excavation and then become permanent basement walls.
In such scenarios, reused temporary elements must meet all standards for permanent structures—this includes structural capacity, durability, and compliance with local building regulations. Coordination between temporary and permanent works designers is essential.
Who Designs Temporary and Permanent Works?
- Permanent works: Designed by architects, civil and structural engineers.
- Temporary works: Often designed by specialist temporary works engineers or consultants, following guidance such as BS 5975.
In both Ireland and the UK, the key to safe execution is coordination. For example, in deep excavations beside existing buildings, poorly designed temporary works can undermine nearby structures. This is why regulations (especially CDM and the 2013 Construction Regulations) emphasise collaborative planning.
Why This Matters for Health and Safety
According to both the HSA (Ireland) and HSE (UK), construction remains a high-risk sector. Falls from height, structural collapse, and poorly managed temporary systems have all contributed to serious incidents.
Under the HSA Strategy 2025–2027, one of the key goals is to “embed a culture of compliance and collaboration in high-risk sectors like construction”. Similarly, the HSE Business Plan 2024–25 stresses the importance of maintaining the UK’s safety record through targeted inspections, especially in temporary works.
Proper temporary works management:
- Reduces risk of collapse or injury
- Prevents delays and rework
- Supports regulatory compliance
- Enhances workforce and public safety
Conclusion: Build Smart. Work Safe.
Temporary and permanent works may serve different purposes, but they must work together seamlessly to ensure project success. Whether you’re building a high-rise, a motorway, or a small housing development, understanding the distinction is a legal and practical necessity.
With support from Ayrton Group, your team can reduce risk, improve coordination, and stay compliant—on both sides of the Irish Sea.
Need Advice or Training?
Talk to Ayrton Group today!
Ireland: +353 (0)1 8385595
UK: +44 (20) 3232 0080
